Perfect perfect phrase quiz

Explanation: A perfect participle phrase does not start with a past participle form of a verb. It always starts with the word ‘having’.

Explanation: A perfect participle phrase does the job of both an adjective and an adverb. It modifies a noun/pronoun by giving some information about it. The information often indicates the reason for the main verb of the sentence and functions as an adverbial in the sentence.

Explanation: A perfect participle phrase can come at all the first three positions in a sentence. It can’t replace the object of a verb, however.

Explanation: A perfect participle phrase has to be offset/separated from the rest of the sentence as it does not provide essential information about the subject or the sentence. It is done using a comma/s.

Explanation: We use two commas to offset a perfect participle phrase only when it comes in the middle of a sentence. When it comes at the beginning, we use a comma after it, and when it comes at the end, we use a comma before it and a period/full stop after it.

Explanation: ‘Having done all the work before time’ is a perfect participle phrase that starts with the present participle ‘having’, and is followed by a past participle ‘done’, the object ‘all the work’, and an adverbial ‘before time’. The phrase ‘having work to do all the time’ in the second example is a gerund phrase working as the subject of the sentence, not a perfect participle phrase.

Explanation: ‘Having been given the day off’ is a perfect participle phrase in the passive voice. It modifies the subject ‘my father’ and also indicates the reason as to why he came home early.

The phrase ‘having gone there’ in the second example is a perfect gerund phrase, not a perfect participle phrase. It works as a noun in the sentence, the object of the verb ‘regret’.

Explanation: ‘Having seen his performance’ is a perfect participle phrase that modifies the subject it sits next to: we. Notice that it is offset with two commas: one before and one after it. Also, notice that it shows the reason for the main verb in the sentence.

In the first example, ‘having’ is the main verb of the sentence and ‘a discussion’ is its object.

Explanation: ‘Having found the reality of his boyfriend’ is a perfect participle phrase in the sentence. It modifies the subject ‘Nikita’ and indicates the reason why she called off the wedding.

The phrase ‘having to play the role of the head teacher’ in the second example is a gerund phrase headed with the gerund ‘having’. It works as the subject of the sentence.

Explanation: A perfect participle phrase can be in both the active voice and the passive voice. 

Active voice structure: having past participle object/adverbial or adverbial
Passive voice structure: having been past participle object/adverbial or adverbial 

Ex (active)- Having checked all the papers, I asked all the students to go home.
Ex (passive)- Having been interrogated thoroughly, the police let the students go home.

Explanation: A perfect participle phrase refers to an action that the noun it refers to performed in the past before the main verb took place.

Ex – Having finished my workout, I went to see one of my friends.

The perfect participle phrase refers to an action that the subject performed in the past in the example. Notice that it happened before the main verb took place in the sentence.