Adverbial phrase of time

This lesson helps us understand what an adverbial phrase of time is, what can function as an adverbial of time, and how to identify it in a sentence.

What is an adverbial phrase of time?

An adverbial phrase of time is a phrase that modifies a verb in terms of time, meaning it indicates the time of the action, the time duration of the action, or its frequency.

The prepositional phrase ‘in the morning’ modifies the verb ‘saw’ in the sentence and indicates the time of the action. It tells us when the subject performed the action—saw someone with someone.

Since it works as an adverbial of time, and it’s a phrase, we will call it an adverbial phrase of time.

In this example, the phrase ‘for half a decade‘ indicates how long the action of teaching has been taking place. It modifies the verb by talking about its time duration.

In this example, the adverb phrase ‘two days ago’ refers to the time when the action—jumping off the bridge—took place. Since it’s a phrase and works as an adverb of time, we are calling it an adverb/adverbial phrase of time.

Adverbials or adverbial phrases is a bigger term. It includes all regular adverbs and adverb phrases and also all the other phrases that function as an adverb in a sentence.

Examples of an adverbial phrase of time:

• Last night, all of us went to a bar to celebrate Aman’s birthday.
• We will call you after the meeting.
• The voting line ends in an hour.
• I don’t like to go out in the wee hours.
• Most of the guys on the team were sleeping during the session.
• Allen came to my place at midnight.
• Our school is taking us to a museum next week.
• We go out to hilly areas in the summer.
• Why have you come to talk about this at dinnertime?
• Make sure you bring the kids home by 9 p.m.
• We have lived here in this society since 1990.

Functions of an adverbial phrase of time

An adverbial phrase of time modifies a verb in the following ways:

1. To indicate when the action happens/happened
2. To indicate for how long the action happens/happened
3. To indicate the frequency (how often) of the action

The time of the action

• We opened this office in 2010.
• You were behaving a little oddly last night.
• These guys don’t eat anything in the morning.
• We will help you with your assignment after the class.

In these examples, the phrases italicized modify the main verb of the sentence and refer to the time of the action. Since they are modifying the verb in terms of time, we are calling them adverbial phrases of time. Ask ‘when’ to a verb to find out its adverbial or adverbial phrase of time.

The time duration of the action

• We have been teaching here for 10 years.
• Tina and I have been in love since 2013.
• The boys have been practicing all day long.
• The food will be provided to everyone free of cost from June 1 to June 10.
• You waited till Friday to get a reply from the department.

In these examples, the adverbial phrases refer to the time duration of the action. Ask ‘how long’ or ‘since when’ to a verb to find out its adverbial or adverbial phrase of time (duration).

The frequency of the action

• My mother goes to a temple near my house every Sunday.
• I almost always come back home by 9 p.m.
• Ashish mediates twice a day.
• Allen comes to my place to see me thrice a month.
• We go out and play cricket every Sunday.

The phrases italicized are adverbial phrases of time. These phrases modify the verb in terms of its frequency—how frequently it takes place. Asking ‘how frequently’ to a verb gets us its adverbial of time (frequency).

What can be an adverbial phrase of time?

The following are the phrases that can function as an adverbial phrase of time:

1. Regular adverb phrase
2. Prepositional phrase
3. Noun phrase

Regular adverb phrases

• My friend Chow bought a huge house a week ago.
• We are opening the bar very soon.

Both the phrases—a week ago and very soon—are regular adverb phrases that modify the verbs ‘bought’ and ‘opening’ in their respective sentences.

Adverb phrase 1 = a week ago
Head adverb = ago
Adverb modifier = a week

Adverb phrase 2 = very soon
Head adverb = soon
Adverb modifier = very

Prepositional phrases

• Meet me in my cabin after the session.
• We will surprise him with all the gifts at midnight.

The adverbial phrase of time in these sentences is a prepositional phrase. In the first example, the prepositional phrase—after the session—modifies the verb ‘meet‘, and the prepositional phrase in the second example—at midnight—modifies the verb ‘surprise‘. Both phrases modify the verbs in terms of time.

Noun phrases

• Adam, one of my good friends, left for China last year.
• We are going out next week.

The phrases—last year and next week—are syntactically noun phrases. They have a headword—year and week—and their modifiers—last and next. Despite being a noun phrase syntactically, they function as an adverb and modify a verb in the sentence. They indicate the time of the action in the sentences and function as an adverbial phrase of time.

More examples of adverbial phrases of time

• I no longer have the right to make decisions for the team.
• Monu brought the money I needed in no time.
• I see him with his friends all the time.
• We should go out on a tour once a year.
• Joe and I have known each other for a long time.
• The Guptas left for Canada two days ago.
• I have not seen my best friend Mangest in 6 months.
• No one touched their phone during the class.
• Meet me at platform number 6 before the departure of the train.

Practice set!

Identify the adverbial phrase of time in the following sentences:

1. I saw him smoking on the terrace.
2. They get the payment at the beginning of the month.
3. He loses his mind once in a while.
4. I bumped my car into a tree the day before yesterday.
5. I will definitely return your money next month.
6. You changed your mind pretty soon.
7. While having dinner, someone came to my house and started firing at us.
8. The man won’t get up until midnight.
9. No one moved from their place during the last over.
10. Let’s get him to sign the deal before he changes his mind.

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